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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 41(4): 1267-1272, ago. 2023. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1514354

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: In the study, it was aimed to predict sex from hand measurements using machine learning algorithms (MLA). Measurements were made on MR images of 60 men and 60 women. Determined parameters; hand length (HL), palm length (PL), hand width (HW), wrist width (EBG), metacarpal I length (MIL), metacarpal I width (MIW), metacarpal II length (MIIL), metacarpal II width (MIIW), metacarpal III length (MIIL), metacarpal III width (MIIIW), metacarpal IV length (MIVL), metacarpal IV width (MIVW), metacarpal V length (MVL), metacarpal V width (MVW), phalanx I length (PILL), measured as phalanx II length (PIIL), phalanx III length (PIIL), phalanx IV length (PIVL), phalanx V length (PVL). In addition, the hand index (HI) was calculated. Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), K-nearest neighbour (KNN) and Naive Bayes (NB) were used as MLAs. In the study, the KNN algorithm's Accuracy, SEN, F1 and Specificity ratios were determined as 88 %. In this study using MLA, it is understood that the highest accuracy belongs to the KNN algorithm. Except for the hand's MIIW, MIIIW, MIVW, MVW, HI variables, other variables were statistically significant in terms of sex difference.


En el estudio, el objetivo era predecir el sexo a partir de mediciones manuales utilizando algoritmos de aprendizaje automático (MLA). Las mediciones se realizaron en imágenes de RM de 60 hombres y 60 mujeres. Parámetros determinados; longitud de la mano (HL), longitud de la palma (PL), ancho de la mano (HW), ancho de la muñeca (EBG), longitud del metacarpiano I (MIL), ancho del metacarpiano I (MIW), longitud del metacarpiano II (MIIL), ancho del metacarpiano II (MIIW), longitud del metacarpiano III (MIIL), ancho del metacarpiano III (MIIIW), longitud del metacarpiano IV (MIVL), ancho del metacarpiano IV (MIVW), longitud del metacarpiano V (MVL), ancho del metacarpiano V (MVW), longitud de la falange I (PILL), medido como longitud de la falange II (PIIL), longitud de la falange III (PIIL), longitud de la falange IV (PIVL), longitud de la falange V (PVL). Además, se calculó el índice de la mano (HI). Regresión logística (LR), Random Forest (RF), Análisis discriminante lineal (LDA), K-vecino más cercano (KNN) y Naive Bayes (NB) se utilizaron como MLA. En el estudio, las proporciones de precisión, SEN, F1 y especificidad del algoritmo KNN se determinaron en un 88 %. En este estudio que utiliza MLA, se entiende que la mayor precisión pertenece al algoritmo KNN. Excepto por las variables MIIW, MIIIW, MIVW, MVW, HI de la mano, otras variables fueron estadísticamente significativas en términos de diferencia de sexo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Carpal Bones/diagnostic imaging , Finger Phalanges/diagnostic imaging , Metacarpal Bones/diagnostic imaging , Sex Determination by Skeleton/methods , Algorithms , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Carpal Bones/anatomy & histology , Discriminant Analysis , Logistic Models , Finger Phalanges/anatomy & histology , Metacarpal Bones/anatomy & histology , Machine Learning , Random Forest
2.
Int. j. morphol ; 39(6): 1727-1730, dic. 2021. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385526

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: Analysis and systematization of the longitudinal dimensions of the phalanges of the index and ring fingers for the classification of morphological types of the hand using classification and regression trees (CART). X-rays of the hands of 50 men and 50 women (mean age 47.16 (10.1) years, range 23-65 years) were studied. Each hand, depending on the ratio of the length of the index and ring fingers, was classified into three types: radial (R, 2d>4d), indefinite (N, 2d=4d), ulnar (U, 2d>4d). Morphometry of radiographs included measurements of the lengths of the proximal (PP), middle (MP), and distal (DP) phalanges. The sex differences of the analyzed indicators are statistically significant. There were no significant bilateral differences between the phalanges of the II and IV fingers in length, regardless of sex (p>0.05). A set of rules for classifying the morphological types of the hand depending on the lengths of the phalanges of the index and ring fingers was created by constructing a binary decision tree. The CART method demonstrates the usefulness of this statistical procedure for developing a scientifically based prediction of the morphological type of the hand. The results of this study can be the basis of an algorithm for determining the morphological type of the hand depending on the length of the phalanges of the fingers.


RESUMEN: En este estudio se realizó un análisis y sistematización de las dimensiones longitudinales de las falanges de los dedos índice y anular para la clasificación de tipos morfológicos de la mano, mediante árboles de clasificación y regresión (CART). Se estudiaron radiografías de las manos de 50 hombres y 50 mujeres (edad media 47,16 (10,1) años, rango 23-65 años). Cada mano, según la proporción de la longitud de los dedos índice y anular, se clasificó en tres tipos: radial (R, 2d> 4d), indefinida (N, 2d = 4d), ulnar (U, 2d> 4d). La morfometría de las radiografías incluyó mediciones de las longitudes de las falanges proximal (FP), media (FM) y distal (FD). Las diferencias de sexo de los indicadores analizados fueron estadísticamente significativas. No hubo diferencias bilaterales significativas entre las falanges de los dedos II y IV en longitud, independientemente del sexo (p> 0,05). Se creó un conjunto de reglas para clasificar los tipos morfológicos de la mano en función de las longitudes de las falanges de los dedos índice y anular mediante la construcción de un árbol de decisión binario. El método CART demuestra la utilidad de este procedimiento estadístico para desarrollar una predicción con base científica del tipo morfológico de la mano. Los resultados de este estudio pueden ser la base de un algoritmo para determinar el tipo morfológico de la mano en función de la longitud de las falanges de los dedos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Finger Phalanges/diagnostic imaging , Hand/diagnostic imaging , Logistic Models , Classification , Finger Phalanges/anatomy & histology , Hand/anatomy & histology
3.
Int. j. morphol ; 30(2): 599-606, jun. 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-651837

ABSTRACT

La mano es fundamental para ejecutar diversas acciones tanto en el campo laboral como en la entretención y el deporte, pudiendo realizar funciones muy básicas hasta otras muy especializadas. La función de la mano se puede analizar mejor cuando es dividida en partes, aunque es algo meramente didáctico y artificial, permitiendo una mejor comprensión en la actividad de la mano como una unidad. Debido a la importancia de esta parte del cuerpo y a la escasa información de parámetros biométricos que existe en nuestra población, se ha tornado necesario un estudio acabado sobre las dimensiones de la mano como un todo, así como también de sus componentes, los dedos. De acuerdo a ello, se analizaron 1.196 manos pertenecientes a habitantes de ambos sexos (267 hombres y 331 mujeres) de edad entre 18 y 65 años, nacidos y residentes en la VII región de Chile -Maule. Cada paciente fue sometido a un examen antropométrico general y uno específico de la mano. Las variables consideradas fueron las siguientes: longitud de la mano, ancho de la mano, longitud de los dedos, longitud del sector de las falanges. Las variables se estudiaron de acuerdo a sexo, edad y lados. Parte de los resultados fueron los siguientes: en el sexo masculino, la longitud promedio de la mano derecha fue de 184,9 mm y de la izquierda de 185,6; en el sexo femenino fue de 167,6 mm en el lado derecho y de 168,9 en el izquierdo. Con respecto a la longitud de los dedos en el sexo masculino, considerando la sumatoria de los promedios obtenidos para cada sector de la falanges correspondientes, los promedios fueron: pulgar, 72,5 mm en la mano derecha y 72,4 mm en la izquierda; indicador, 104,2 y 104,5 mm; medio, 115 y 114,6 mm; anular, 109,1 y 108,9 mm y el mínimo, 88,5 y 88,4 mm, respectivamente. En el sexo femenino, la longitudes promedios fueron: pulgar de la mano derecha, 63,5 mm y 62,6 mm en la izquierda; indicador, 91 y 90,7 mm; medio, 100,4 y 99,2 mm; anular, 94,4 y 94,2 mm y el mínimo, 75,8 y 75,9 mm,...


The hand is essential to perform various actions both in the workplace and in entertainment and sports, may perform other functions from very basic to highly specialized. The hand function can be analyzed best when it is divided into parts, although it is somewhat artificial and merely didactic, allowing a better understanding of the labor activity as a unit. Because of the importance of this part of the body and biometric parameters limited information that exists in our population, it has become necessary to a thorough study on the dimensions of the hand as a whole, as well as its components, the fingers. Accordingly, we analyzed 1,196 hands belonging to people of both sexes (267 men and 331 women) aged between 18 and 65, born and living in VII Maule Region of Chile. Each patient underwent an anthropometric examination of general and specific one hand. The variables considered were: hand length, hand width, finger length, length of the phalanges sector. The variables were studied according to sex, age and sides. Part of the results were as follows: in males, the average length of the right hand was 184.9 mm and the left of 185.6; in females was 167.6 mm on the right side and of 168.9 on the left. With respect to the length of the fingers in males, whereas the sum of the averages for each sector of the corresponding phalanges, the averages were: thumb, 72.5 mm in the right hand and 72.4 mm in the left; index finger, 104.2 and 104.5 mm; middle finger, 115 and 114.6 mm; ring finger, 109.1 and 108.9 mm; little finger, 88.5 and 88.4 mm respectively. Among females, the average lengths were: right thumb, 63.5 mm and 62.6 mm in the left; index, 91 and 90.7 mm; middle finger, 100.4 and 99.2 mm; ring finger, 94.4 and 94.2 mm and the little finger, 75.8 and 75.9 mm, respectively. Data reported in this study are important because they allow a real knowledge of biometric variables in Chilean hands.


Subject(s)
Female , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Anthropometry , Finger Phalanges/anatomy & histology , Hand/anatomy & histology , Biometry , Chile , Fingers/anatomy & histology , Sex Characteristics
4.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 43(10): 976-981, Oct. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-561229

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to determine bone quantity by ultrasound measurements of the proximal finger phalanges (AD-SoS = amplitude-dependent speed of sound) of healthy Brazilian schoolchildren living in Paraná, Brazil and to compare these values with European populations. The sample was composed of 1356 Brazilian schoolchildren of both genders (660 males, 696 females), aged 6 to 11 years, divided into white (840) and black (516) groups and compared to age- and gender-matched Europeans. AD-SoS of the schoolchildren increased significantly with age for both genders. Significantly higher AD-SoS values were observed for the white children (1916 ± 58) compared to their black counterparts (1898 ± 72) and for the female gender (1920 ± 61) compared to the male gender (1898 ± 66). Overall, the AD-SoS outcomes for females were similar to those of European studies. However, the AD-SoS of the Brazilian schoolchildren of both genders and skin colors was lower than that reported for children in Poland. AD-SoS outcomes for Brazilian schoolboys were similar to those obtained in Italian studies and were lower than those of the Spanish children. In conclusion, Brazilian schoolchildren of both genders and skin colors showed lower bone quantities than Polish children and Spanish males, and levels similar to Italian children and Spanish females.


Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Black People , Bone Density , White People , Finger Phalanges , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Europe , Finger Phalanges/anatomy & histology , Reference Values
5.
Int. j. morphol ; 28(3): 755-758, Sept. 2010. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-577181

ABSTRACT

The analysis of proportions of hand segments has been carried out on the basis of X-ray films of 66 adult patients without developmental abnormalities. There were hand joint topographies determined proceeding from the data obtained. There were suggested methods of practical utilization of the obtained data in the field of medicine.


Se analizaron en radiografías de 66 pacientes sin anomalías del desarrollo las proporciones de los diferentes segmentos de la mano. De acuerdo a los datos obtenidos se determinó una topografía de las articulaciones. Se proponen modos de empleo en la medicina de los datos obtenidos en este estudio.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Hand Joints/anatomy & histology , Hand Joints , Finger Phalanges/anatomy & histology , Finger Phalanges , Hand/anatomy & histology , Hand , Finger Joint/anatomy & histology , Finger Joint , Thermography
6.
Iranian Journal of Public Health. 2005; 34 (3): 56-61
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-71123

ABSTRACT

The study of patterns of fingerprints is important in anthropology and medical genetics, chiefly because of their diagnostic usefulness. In the present work, we studied the frequencies of various types of skin ridges of the first phalanx in patients with sever oligospermia or azospermia. In a double-blind case-control study, we determined the frequencies of fingerprints in 880 first phalanxes belonging to 48 men with sever oligospermia and 40 men with azospermia. We determined the types of fingerprints based on Galton classification. Also their FRC, TFRC and AFRC were calculated. Then the results were compared with each other and general population as control group. The most frequent type of fingerprint in both case groups was "Loop". Frequencies of different types among two groups of cases were statistically different [P<0.005]. Also they were statistically different with general population [P<0.005]. The largest mean of FRC in men with oligospermia was belonging to the left ring fingers [23.1] and the second to the right thumbs [21.91]. The largest mean of FRC in men with azospermia was belonging to the right thumbs [23.6] and the second to the right ring fingers [22.6]. The mean of TFRCs in men with oligosoermia and azospermia were 106.8 and 114.39, respectively, and the mean of AFRCs in those two groups were 14 and 11, respectively; their differences were not statistically significant. It can be concluded that qualitative feathers of the fingerprints of men with oligospermia and azospermia were different with each other and with general population. And quantitative feathers of the fingerprints in those two case groups were statistically different as well


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Azoospermia/genetics , Oligospermia/genetics , Finger Phalanges/anatomy & histology , Infertility, Male
7.
Col. med. estado Táchira ; 13(3): 55-56, jul.-sept. 2004.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-531009

ABSTRACT

Lesiones por shock eléctrico son descritas en la literatura determinando lesiones locales y sistémicas. Lesiones esqueléticas como luxaciones y fracturas son infrecuentes en nuestras emergencias; aparentemente asociadas a contracciones tetánicas de la musculatura circundante. Describimos un paciente femenino, 43 años, ingresado a la emergencia posterior a sufrir choque eléctrico con electrodoméstico (nevera), refiere sitio de entrada en cara volar de los últimos cuatro dedos de mano izquierda, con exposición aproximada de 30 segundos, se interrumpe desconectando electrodoméstico, niega perdida de conciencia y traumatismo directo e indirecto en miembros. Niega antecedentes importantes. Signos vitales normales, sin signos de traumatismo corporal, posterior al ingreso refiere molestia para la flexo-extensión de mano izquierda, presentando dolor a la palpación profunda sobre la Falange Media del dedo medio. La Radiografía Postero-Anterior evidencia fractura espiroidea no desplazado desde apífisis distal hasta diáfisis de Falange medial del dedo medio de la mano izquierda. Es inmovilizada con férula digital, observada durante 24 horas y egresada previo descarte de lesiones sistémicas importantes. Estas fracturas son de fácil diagnóstico cuando comprometen articulaciones y huesos grandes pero nunca olvidar las fracturas de huesos y articulaciones pequeñas ante una clínica leve.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Female , Electroshock , Finger Phalanges/anatomy & histology , Finger Phalanges/injuries , Accidents Caused by Electrical Discharges , Joint Dislocations/pathology , Hand Injuries/etiology
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